Programmable Digital Labels for a Medicine Container

ABSTRACT

A bottle for storing medicine that may include at least one sensor to determine an aspect about the medicine stored within the bottle. The bottle may also include a processor that receives the information from the one or more sensors. A wireless communication interface may be integrated with the bottle to communicate information.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/164,941, filed Jun. 30, 2008, entitled “Programmable Digital Labelsfor a Medicine Container,” which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/371,530 filed Mar. 9, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No.7,392,953 entitled “Programmable Digital Labels,” which claims benefitof U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/660,500 filed Mar. 10, 2005,entitled “Transmittable Digital Product and Label Data.” Each of the'941, '530, and '500 applications are incorporated herein by referencein their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to the field of digital labelsand tags for products. It is typical for the manufacturer of a productto affix a label to the product which bears the manufacturer's brandname or logo. Labels are also used to provide product information andinformation about the manufacturer of the product. Because labels aretypically small, they can carry only a limited amount of information.Therefore, it is not at all uncommon to find two or more labels affixedto different locations of a single product. For example, a product maycarry a brand label which is placed in a visible location, and interiorlabels to give product information. However, there is a small, finitelimit to the number of labels which can be applied to a product withoutcluttering the product.

In the past, labels have served as merely static and passive devices toconvey label information that is fixed in time, and have not been usedto expand the functionality of the product. Animated designs and logosare not possible with conventional woven, printed or stamped labels.Also, conventional labels cannot display information which may changeover time, or user-specific information.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is a digital label for products that can beprogrammed to store, process, transmit and display information includinglabel information and user-specific information. The digital label canalso store authentication data to authenticate the product. The digitallabel includes a processing circuit, a memory for storing labelinformation, and a display for displaying label information. Anextensible program is stored in memory and is configured to executeuser-defined applications or program code to extend the functionality ofthe digital label. In one embodiment of the invention, the extensibleprogram comprises an operating system program with an applicationinterface that allows development of custom applications by themanufacturer, retailer, or user to expand the functionality of thedigital label. User-defined applications enable the digital label toreceive, store, and process user-specific information, and tocommunicate and work other devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an exemplary digital label.

FIG. 2 is a front view of an exemplary digital label.

FIG. 3 is a side view of an exemplary digital label contained in asecondary encasement, which is shown in section.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary software architecture for the digitallabel.

FIG. 5 illustrates the digital label communicating with other devices ina network environment.

FIG. 6 illustrates a tag for products incorporating a digital label.

FIG. 7 illustrates a digital label with a changing serial number forauthentication.

FIG. 8 illustrates a web interface for a server that product trackingservices.

FIG. 9 is a schematic drawing of a digital label incorporated in aproduct container and communicating with a computer.

FIG. 10 is a schematic drawing of a digital label incorporated in aproduct container and communicating with a computer.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to FIG. 1, a digitallabel 10 for products is shown and indicated generally by the numeral10. For purposes of this application, the term “digital label” means adevice having a display that functions principally as a means ofidentification that is attached or affixed to a product to designate itsorigin, owner, manufacturer, contents or ingredients, use, etc. The term“label” is used in the common sense to mean a device that isdistinguishable from the product to which it is affixed and not atypical or inherent feature of the product. For example, a computermonitor and a display for a consumer electronic device (e.g., watch,cell phone, camera, etc.) are not considered to be “labels’ as that termis used herein because the displays are inherent product features.

The digital label 10 stores and displays label information and otherinformation as more fully described below. The term “label information”includes source information indicating the source or origin of theproduct, product information describing the features contents,ingredients or use of the product, and manufacturer information thatprovides information about the product manufacturer. An example ofsource information is a brand name, logo (including animated logos), orslogan which identifies the source or origin, and authentication datafor verifying the authenticity of the product. Examples of productinformation are instructions for the care or use of the product, anddescription of the contents or ingredients of the product. Examples ofmanufacturer information are the address (including an e-mail address)or telephone number for contacting the manufacturer, and the IP addressof a web page for finding additional information about the company andits products.

The digital label may also store consumer information or userinformation in addition to label information, and perform customfunctions for the user. Consumer information is personal userinformation that affects the ownership, history, usage and effectivenessof the product. Examples of personal information are registration data,such as the name, address, contact information, weight, height, age,birth date, sex, DNA, allergies, medical and health conditions andhistory, scheduling information, personal preferences, diet, accountinformation, other product usage data, etc.

The digital label 10 is particularly useful for products that do nototherwise include a display or microprocessor as an inherent feature ofthe product, but may also be used on products with a display ormicroprocessor. For example, in products that include a display as afunctional feature of the product, the manufacturer may still use thedigital label 10 of the present invention to provide a separate,dedicated display or microprocessor for displaying and transmittingtrademarks, logos, brands, slogans, or other label and productinformation.

The digital label 10 according to the present invention provides aplatform for manufacturers, retailers and end users to develop customapplications for the digital label 10 to expand the functionality of thedigital label 10. In one embodiment, a processing circuit is configuredto recognize and execute the user-defined applications. As used herein,the term “user-defined’ refers to users of the label and includesproduct manufacturers, retailers, and end users of the product. Theuser-defined applications allow the functionality of the digital label10 to be expanded to perform functions for the user. Thus, the presentinvention extends the concept of a product label to include activedevices that do more than present static information. the digital labels10 according to various embodiments function as small computing devicesthat can be programmed to perform a wide variety of functions.

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the main components of the digital label 10according to one exemplary embodiment. The digital label 10 comprises aprocessing circuit 12, memory 14, display 16, a communications interface18, and a battery 19 to provide power for the digital label 10. Theprocessing circuit 12 controls the overall operation of the digitallabel 10 according to program instructions stored in memory 14 and maycomprises one or more digital processing devices, such asmicroprocessors, microcontrollers, hardware, firmware, or a combinationthereof. Memory 14 stores program instructions and data needed foroperation. An extensible program (FIG. 4) stored in memory 14 controlsthe basic functions of the digital label 10. As described in greaterdetail below, the extensible program is configured to execute customapplications or custom program code stored in memory 14 to expand thefunctionality of the digital label 10. The display 16 may comprise aliquid crystal display (LCD) or an organic light emitting diode (OLED).Additionally, the display 16 may use printed electronic displays,electronic paper displays, or electronic ink technology provide a thin,flexible and durable display to enable users to view information. Thecommunications interface 18 may comprise a short-range wirelessinterface, such as a BLUETOOTH interface, ZIGBEE, or WIFI interface, along range cellular phone or satellite communications interface, or awired interface, such as a RS 232, USB or FIREWARE interface. There maybe more than one communications interface 18.

Some embodiments of the digital label 10 may additionally include one ormore user input devices indicated generally by the numeral 20. Userinput devices 20 for the digital label 10 may comprise any known inputdevice including buttons, keypads, touch pads, wheels, dials, mousedevices, trackballs, etc. A touch screen display could also be used foruser input. Imaging systems and motion or movement systems forrecognizing hand gestures, and voice recognition systems may also beused for receiving user input. In FIG. 2, three soft keys denoted by thenumerals 22, 24, 26 are provided to receive user input. The soft keys22, 24, 26 may have different functions depending on the currentcontext. The function of the soft keys 22, 24, 26 may be displayed tothe user on display 16 when the soft keys 22, 24, 26 are active. Forexample, the middle key 26 shown in FIG. 2 has the text MENU displayedabove the key 26 on the display 16. Pressing the soft key 26 in thiscontext will invoke an onscreen menu. In some embodiments, moresophisticated user input devices can be used to enable users to inputuser information.

The digital label 10 may include or receive input from one or moresensors or detectors 30 that sense environmental conditions such astemperature, pressure and humidity; or product characteristics, such assize, volume, weight of the product, or chemical changes in the product.Sensors or detectors 30 may also be used to detect product usage and/ortampering. Sensors or detectors 30 for the digital label 10 may alsodetect location, distance or proximity. The digital label 10 mayincorporate a GPS receiver 50 or other location detector to determinelocation and history of locations. Clocks and counters may provideadditional input to the processing circuit 12. Those skilled in the artwill appreciate, however, that the processing circuit 12 may includeinternal clocks and counters.

The digital label 10 may include or control one or more alerting devices40 for alerting the user of specified events or conditions. The alertingdevices 40 may comprise indicator lights that illuminate or generatelighting effects; speakers, beepers, buzzers, or other sound devices;and vibrators or other tactile devices. The digital label 10 could alsoplay MP3 or other audio files to alert the user. The alerting devices 40are controlled by the system processor to notify the user whenpredetermined events or conditions occur. The alerts can be personalizedand customized by the user to distinguish the alerts. FIG. 2 illustratesan indicator lamp 42 that is used as an alerting device 40.

The digital label 10 may include a primary casing 60 to house thecomponents of the digital label 10. The primary casing 60 is preferablywaterproof or water-resistant to protect the components. The primarycasing 60 should also be impact resitant and shock-resistant. The casing60 may be constructed of plastic, rubber, metal, ceramic, or othermaterials or organic, environmentally friendly protein based materialthat is easily recycled or returned to the earth. In some embodiments,the digital label 10 can be integrated with a product or productcontainer or product packaging. In still other embodiments, a secondaryencasement 62 can also be used that allows the digital label 10 to beremoved from the product as shown in FIG. 3. This can enable the user totake the digital label 10 with them to interact, monitor and control theproduct remotely.

Any suitable method of attaching the digital label 10 to the product mayalso be used. For example, the digital label 10 or secondary encasement62 may be secured to products by adhesives, by magnets, by sewing orstitching, by sonic welding laser welding or heat welding, byVELCRO-type fasteners, or by mechanical fasteners such as hooks, screws,buckles, zippers, snaps, or pins. The digital label 10 could also beentrapped or retained by other features of the product which function asthe secondary encasement 62. For example, the label 10 could be designedas a cartridge which slides in a pocket or pouch on the product orsnapped into the product and released by a mechanism. The digital label10 may also be suspended from or secured to the product by means of ahanger, strap or cord that passes though an opening (not shown) in thecasing 60.

FIG. 4 illustrates the relationship of the extensible program with otherelements of the digital label 10. The extensible program may comprise,for example, an operating system program with an application interface(API) to enable manufacturers, retailers, and end users to developcustom applications for the digital label 10. The operating system may,for example, be an embedded operating system such as Windows CE,Symbian, QNX, or embedded Linux. A proprietary operating system couldalso be used. A label application for managing and displaying labelinformation can be preloaded and stored in the memory 104 of the digitallabel 10 by the label manufacturer. Additional user-defined applicationprograms can be input and stored to add additional functions to thedigital label 10 by the product manufacturer, by retailers of theproducts, or by end users of the products. The custom applicationprograms can be input via one of the communication interfaces 18. Theoperating system or other extensible program is able to execute thecustom applications developed by the product manufacturer, retailer, orend user. The type of functions that can be performed by customapplications is virtually unlimited. For example, the applicationprograms can perform functions such as product authentication, locationtracking, scheduling, usage tracking, etc.

One advantage of the digital label 10 is its ability to communicate andshare information with other devices. The digital label 10 may have itsown IP address assigned so that it can communicate directly with otherdevices across the Internet. FIG. 5 illustrates different ways thedigital label 10 can communicate with other devices. FIG. 5 illustratesa local computer 110, a web-based server system 120, and a cell phone orPDA 140. The digital label 10 communicates with the local computer 110over a local area network. The digital label 10 may communicate with aweb-based server system 120 by connecting to a web access point 130. Thedigital label 10 may also communicate with the cell phone or PDA 140,using a standard cellular or satellite transceiver.

The digital label 10 may store, process and communicate userinformation. The user information may be entered directly by the user ormay be transferred over the communications interface 18 to the digitallabel 10. For example, the digital label 10 may collect informationabout the use of the product and store the information for subsequentviewing and analysis. The digital label 10 may generate history reportsthat can be viewed by the user on the display 16 or transferred to otherdevices. Also, label information stored in the digital label 10 at thetime of purchase by the customer can be updated via the communicationsinterface 18.

The variety of applications that can be developed for the digital labelis virtually limitless. A few exemplary applications for the digitallabel 10 are described below.

EXAMPLE 1 Tag for Authentication and Product Tracking

A recurring problem with branded and successful goods, such as designerand luxury clothing, handbags, accessories, jewelry, luggage,medication, liquor, and replacement parts, is the prevalence ofcounterfeit goods. As noted above, the digital label 10 of the presentinvention may store authentication data that enables purchasers of suchgoods to verify the authenticity of the products they purchase. Theauthentication data may comprise, for example, a serial number or codethat can be used by the purchaser to authenticate genuine products. Insome exemplary embodiments, the authentication data may be encryptedwith a secret code to prevent counterfeiters from duplicating digitallabels 10. The authentication data may also change over time to make itmore difficult to mimic. The digital label 10 may also include a GPSreceiver to enable tracking of the product in case that the product islost or stolen.

FIG. 6 illustrates a tag including a digital label 10 for products suchand luggage, handbags, and brief cases. The digital label 10 stores anauthentication number or serial number in memory 14 to enable users toauthenticate genuine goods. The memory 14 for storing the authenticationdata may be a secure, tamper-proof memory to prevent tampering. Theserial number may also be encrypted by the manufacturer with a secretkey. For example, the serial number may be encrypted or signed with themanufacturer's private key and can be verified by the user by decryptingthe serial number using the manufacturer's corresponding public key,which can be obtained from the manufacturer's web site. If theauthentication data is successfully decrypted, the user can be confidentthat the product is a genuine product so long as the manufacturer'sprivate key has not been compromised. The user can also verify theauthenticity of the product by sending the serial number to themanufacturer during product registration for verification. Theauthentication number could be read by the user from the digital label10, or could be transmitted from the digital label 10 to the user'scomputer or other device. In some embodiments, the digital label 10could transmit the authentication number via the Internet to a servermaintained by the manufacturer for verification.

The digital label 10 can be programmed to change or update the serialnumber at a predetermined interval to make it more difficult to mimic.FIG. 7 illustrates a digital label 10 that has a changing serial number.In this embodiment, the digital label 10 may include an algorithm forgenerating the authentication number that is known only to the productmanufacturer. For example, the algorithm may comprises a function thatgenerates an authentication code based on the current time and a secretkey that is stored in a secure, tamper-proof memory.

The tag or digital label may include a GPS system 50 to enable trackingof the product. The global positioning system in the digital label 10can determine and record the product's location periodically. Thisfeature can be activated, for example, when the user is traveling tokeep a history of the product's movement. The product manufacturer maymaintain the web-based server to track products for its registeredcustomers. An application program in the digital label 10 can report thecurrent position of the product to the server at predetermined timeintervals or in response to predetermined events or conditions. FIG. 8illustrates an interface for a web-based tracking system that can beaccessed by the user via the Internet to track the product.

EXAMPLE 2 Product Container for Medications

FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a pharmaceutical container 100 for medicationsincluding a digital label 10 according to one embodiment of theinvention. The pharmaceutical container 100 comprises a bottle 102 and acap 104. The digital label 10 is embedded in the walls of the bottle102. The digital label 10 includes three buttons 22, 24 and 26 forreceiving user input. Buttons 22 and 24 are used to navigate on-screenmenus and to scroll through information on the display 16. The centerbutton 26 is used to invoke the on-screen menu and make menu selections.The digital label 10 includes an indicator lamp 42 and weight sensor 32,which are integrated with the bottle 102. The indicator lamp 42functions as an alerting device 40 for alerting the user when it is timeto take medication as described more fully below. The weight sensor 32located in the bottom of the product container 100 is used to detect theamount of remaining medication in the pharmaceutical container. Thedigital label 10 also includes a wireless communications interface 18for communicating with remote devices, such as a computer 150.

The digital label 10 stores and displays prescription data customizedfor the user as well as detailed drug data. The prescription data anddrug data may be uploaded from a computer 150 to the digital label 10 bythe manufacturer, pharmacist, doctor, or end user. In this example, theprescription data includes the medication, patient's name, and dosageinformation. Drug data may include information about medications, suchas ingredients and chemical composition, possible side effects and druginteractions, precautions, warnings, government regulations, legalnotices, disclaimers and disclosures, notifications, medication updates,recalls, etc. Such information is typically too voluminous to print on aconventional printed label, but can be easily stored and displayed onthe digital label 10. Drug information including updates could also betransmitted to a computer 150 over the communications interface 18 forviewing or printing. The digital label 10 could also communicate with aweb-based server, cell phone, personal digital assistant, etc., totransmit and receive information.

An application program stored in the digital label 10 alerts the userwhen it is time to take medications, provides instructions on how totake medications, and records dosages taken by the user. The applicationprogram may also keep track of the remaining amount of medication andalert the user when it is time to have medications refilled. The amountof remaining medication may be determined from the input of the weightsensor 32. Alternatively, the user may manually input usage informationwhen the user takes medication to record such event. The user can bealerted to take or refill medication by activating the indicator lamp 42and displaying a message to the user on the display 16 as shown in FIG.10. The digital label 10 may also, if desired, send a message to theuser's cell phone or computer when it is time to take or refillmedications. For example, the application may send an email or textmessage to the user's cell phone or computer. When it is time to refillmedications, the digital label 10 may also send a notification to theuser's pharmacist to avoid the need for calling in prescriptions inadvance.

The application program may also collect and store usage information,such as the date and time that the medication is taken, the amounttaken, the location, and environmental conditions (temperature,humidity, altitude, etc.) at the time medication is taken. Usageinformation may be determined based on input from the weight,temperature, humidity and other sensors 32. Alternatively, the user canmanually enter and record usage information using the available userinput devices 20. The usage information may be output to the display 16or transmitted to a computer 150 or other external device, or processedalong with information from other digital labels and products tocoordinate multiple usage and consumption.

The application program in the digital label 10 may cooperate with orintegrate with medication management software on computer 150 or otherdevice, such as a cell phone, PDA, or web-based server system. Thedigital label 10 can exchange prescription data, drug data and/or userdata with the computer 150 or other device. The medication managementsoftware on the computer 150 can thus keep track of all medicationsbeing taken by the user and alert the user to potential problems andprovide updates to the digital label 10 when necessary. The medicationmanagement software may include a database of pharmaceutical products.The medication management software can alert the user of potentiallyadverse drug interactions and side effects due to combinations ofmedications being taken. The medication management software may alsoinclude scheduling algorithms for suggesting times to take differentmedications to minimize drug interactions and maximize efficacy. Amedication schedule can then be generated and transferred to the digitallabel 10 by the medication management software. The medicationmanagement software can also store information concerning the user'sdiet and suggest foods and beverages that should be used or avoided.Usage information indicating the dosages taken by the user can betransferred from the digital label 10 to the medication managementsoftware for evaluation and/or storage. This medication history may betransferred or uploaded to a physician. Alternatively, the digital label10 can store medication history for later transfer to a computer at aphysician's office.

Several examples of the invention have been described. However, thepresent invention may be carried out in other specific ways than thoseherein set forth without departing from the spirit and essentialcharacteristics of the invention. The present embodiments are,therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and notrestrictive, and all changes coming within the meaning and equivalencyrange of the appended claims are intended to be embraced therein.

1. A container for containing medicine, the container comprising: a bottle with a bottom and sidewalls that form an interior space for holding the medicine; a weight sensor positioned at the bottom of the interior space and configured to sense an amount of remaining medicine within the bottle; a wireless communications interface integrated with the bottle for communicating with a remote device; and a processor integrated with the bottle and configured to receive the amount of the remaining medicine within the bottle and to wirelessly contact the remote device when a change is detected in the amount of remaining medicine within the bottle.
 2. The container of claim 1, further comprising a cap that extends across an opening formed by the sidewalls to enclose the interior space and prevent the escape of the medicine.
 3. The container of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to monitor usage of the medicine based on output signals generated by the weight sensor.
 4. The container of claim 1, further comprising a display integrated with the bottle to display an indicator when the processor determines that the medicine has been taken.
 5. The container of claim 1, further comprising a humidity sensor that senses humidity and to forward the humidity information to the processor.
 6. The container of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to send a refill request through the wireless communications interface when the medicine usage reaches a predetermined setting, the refill request effective to obtain an additional amount of the medicine.
 7. A container for containing medicine, the container comprising: a bottle with a bottom and sidewalls that form an interior space for holding the medicine; a weight sensor positioned at the bottom of the interior space; a temperature sensor integrated with the bottle to detect a temperature; a processor integrated with the bottle and configured to collect information received from the weight sensor and the temperature sensor; and a wireless communications interface integrated with the bottle to communicate the information to a remote device.
 8. The container of claim 7, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned within the interior space of the bottle.
 9. The container of claim 7, further comprising a cap that extends across an opening formed by the sidewalls to enclose the interior space and prevent the escape of the medicine.
 10. The container of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to monitor medicine usage based on the information received from the weight sensor.
 11. The container of claim 7, further comprising a display integrated with the bottle for displaying medicine usage.
 12. The container of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to send a refill request through the wireless communications interface when an amount of the medicine remaining in the interior space reaches a predetermined setting, the refill request effective to obtain an additional amount of the medicine.
 13. A container for containing medicine, the container comprising: a bottle with an interior space for holding the medicine; a memory integrated with the bottle to store one or more dosage times during a day for a patient to take the medicine, the memory further comprising contact information for a remote device; a weight sensor positioned within the interior space and configured to determine a weight of the medicine in the bottle; a wireless communications interface integrated with the bottle to communicate with the remote device; and a processor integrated with the bottle and configured to determine whether the medicine was taken based on a change of the weight of the medicine in the bottle and to wirelessly contact the remote device through the wireless communications interface when the medicine is not taken during the dosage time.
 14. The container of claim 13, further comprising a display integrated with the bottle to display a message when the processor determines that the medicine was not taken during one of the dosage times.
 15. The container of claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to send a refill request through the wireless communications interface when the weight of the remaining medicine within the bottle reaches a predetermined setting, the refill request effective to obtain an additional amount of the medicine.
 16. The container of claim 13, further comprising at least one input device on the bottle.
 17. The container of claim 13, further comprising a cap that extends across an opening formed by the sidewalls to enclose the interior space and prevent the escape of the prescription medicine.
 18. The container of claim 13, further comprising a sensor integrated with the bottle to detect movement of the bottle.
 19. The container of claim 13, further comprising an alerting device controlled by the processor to generate an alert signal based upon medicine usage.
 20. The container of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to wirelessly contact another remote device when the processor determines that the medicine was taken during the dosage time, the processor sending an amount of the medicine taken, and a time the medicine was taken. 